广东佛山维管植物资源调查与分析

本文报道广东省佛山市维管植物概况。据调查统计,佛山共有维管植物239科832属1813种。其中蕨类植物40科63属96种,裸子植物13科28属41种,被子植物278科979属1676种。在佛山市野生植物中,药用植物421种、食用植物100种、芳香植物24种、油脂植物61种、纤维植物61种、淀粉植物8种、树脂植物1种、鞣料植物30种、色素植物8种、材用植物90种、观赏植物123种。佛山市有野生的国家级重点保护植物15种,列入珍稀濒危和红色名录的种类有金毛狗Cibotium barometz、桫椤Alsophila spinulosa等20种。结合佛山市自然和社会条件特点,对佛山市植物资源的开发利用和保护提出建议。     

厦门常见观赏竹在园林造景中的应用

在对厦门岛内外公园、绿地竹类植物调查的基础上,选择常见观赏竹31种,分析其观赏特性,并阐述其在现代园林绿化中的应用。     

福建泉州榕属植物园林应用调查及合理利用对策

通过对福建省泉州市榕属植物在园林绿地中应用情况的调查,总结了该属植物较高的应用价值,并分析了应用中存在的问题和误区,提出合理利用及管养对策。     

基于CL-PIOP方法的青岛市生态网络结构要素评价

景观生态学中的生态网络概念,已被国内外越来越多机构与学者所接受。生态网络结构要素的量化评价成为生态网络能否真正发挥在空间上调和自然生态保护与社会发展作用的关键。图形理论中相关评价指数为量化评价提供了方法。探讨如何基于图形理论中相关评价结果数据,发现对一个地区生态网络连通性有重要影响的斑块与廊道等生态网络结构要素。以青岛作为研究案例区域,使用最小成本路径模型构建了湿地和林地两种生态网络,并以一定阈值为标准对生态网络做等级划分,采用图形理论中的CL-PIOP评价方法作为基础方法,提出两种生态网络结构要素评价标准对结果数据作深入分析。分析结果表明:基于不同等级生态网络斑块的CL-PIOP重要性频次统计可以有效的识别对网络连通性有重要作用的斑块,既涵盖了几乎所有大面积的斑块,同时也包括一定数量的小面积斑块;CL-PIOP评价方法可在众多廊道中快速识别具有不可替代作用的廊道,且根据CL-PIOP值大小以及在各等级网络中非零CL-PIOP值的频率统计进一步确定廊道的重要程度。此外,不同等级网络中CL-PIOP值存在异常增大的斑块及其相关廊道对于网络构建与连通性增强有关键作用,这些斑块通常与面积等自身的属性无关,而与其在网络所处的位置相关。生态网络模型与图形理论相关方法结合可以快速有效的识别区域重要的生态用地,为相关规划中生态用地的保护、恢复提供量化依据。     

1988-2013年重庆市主城九区生态用地空间结构及其生态系统服务价值变化

在当前快速城市化的背景下,理解和把握城市生态系统服务功能退化原因及规律的最有效手段是对其生态用地结构及其生态系统服务价值进行准确的评估。采用RS、GIS技术以及生态系统服务价值评估等方法,对重庆市主城九区1988、1996、2004、2013年4个时段遥感影像进行解译及比较分析,结果表明：1988-2013年间,重庆市主城九区城市化水平经历了加速阶段、减速阶段及饱和阶段,城市化水平的提高对城市建设用地增长的影响显著;重庆市主城九区生态用地主要为城市提供了食物生产、提供原材料、废物处理、土壤形成与保护、气候调节、气体调节、生物多样性以及水源涵养等生态系统服务,在结构变化上呈现出“二减三增”的结构变化特点;25年间重庆市主城九区共减少生态系统服务价值260.60×10⁶元,整体处于下降趋势,其中农地的生态系统服务价值损失最大,共减少24.50%;在空间分布上,随着城市建设用地向“南-北-西”方向扩展,生态系统服务价值以中梁山与铜锣山之间的区域减少最为严重,整个研究区生态系统服务价值下降的主要原因来自于农地的大量减少以及城市建设用地扩张所带来的生态负影响。研究结果表明在重庆市主城九区生态用地空间格局与生态系统服务变化之间存在密切相关性,在城市化率达到饱和阶段后应严格控制建设用地增长,促进建设用地集约节约利用,加大农地的保护力度以及对林地、水体、草地的维护,维持整个区域的生态平衡。研究可为科学合理布局和保护城市生态用地提供信息资料和决策参考。     

Food consumption and related water resources in Nordic cities

Many modern cities have strongly invested in the sustainability of their urban water management system. Nordic cities like Stockholm or Copenhagen are amongst pioneers in investments towards integrated urban water management. However, cities can never be fully self-sufficient due to their dependency on external (water) resources. In this paper, we quantify this water dependency with respect to food consumption in nine cities located in the five Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway and Iceland), by means of the water footprint concept. Detailed urban water footprint assessments are scarce in the literature. By analysing national nutrition surveys, we find that urban food intake behaviour differs from national food intake behaviour. In large Nordic cities people eat generally less potatoes, milk products (without cheese), meat and animal fats and they drink less coffee than outside city borders. On the other hand, they generally eat more vegetables and vegetable oils and they drink more tea and alcoholic beverages. This leads consistently – for the six large Nordic cities Stockholm, Malmö, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Oslo and Reykjavik – to slightly smaller food related urban water footprints (−2 to −6%) than national average values. We also analyse the water footprint for different diets based upon Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) for these cities. We assessed three healthy diet scenarios: 1) including meat (HEALTHY-MEAT), 2) pesco-vegetarian (HEALTHY-PESCO-VEG) and 3) vegetarian (HEALTHY-VEG). This shows that Nordic urban dwellers 1) eat too many animal products (red meat, milk and milk products) and sugar and drink too much alcohol and 2) they eat not enough vegetables, fruit and products from the group pulses, nuts and oilcrops. Their overall energy and protein intake is too high. A shift to a healthy diet with recommended energy and protein intake reduces the urban WF related to food consumption substantially. A shift to HEALTHY-MEAT results in a reduction of −9 to −24%, for HEALTHY-PESCO-VEG the reduction is −29 to −37%, for HEALTHY-VEG the reduction is −36 to −44%. In other words, Nordic urban dwellers can save a lot of water by shifting to a healthy diet.     

Comparison of ESR1 Mutations in Tumor Tissue and Matched Plasma Samples from Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients

BACKGROUND: ESR1 mutation in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is emerging as a noninvasive biomarker of acquired resistance to endocrine therapy, but there is a paucity of data comparing the status of ESR1 gene in cfDNA with that in its corresponding tumor tissue. The objective of this study is to validate the degree of concordance of ESR1 mutations between plasma and tumor tissue. METHODS: ESR1 ligand-binding domain mutations Y537S, Y537N, Y537C, and D538G were analyzed using droplet digital PCR in 35 patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) (35 tumor tissue samples and 67 plasma samples). RESULTS: Of the 35 paired samples, 26 (74.3%) were concordant: one patient had detectable ESR1 mutations both plasma (ESR1 Y537S/Y537N) and tumor tissue (ESR1 Y537S/Y537C), and 25 had WT ESR1 alleles in both. Nine (25.7%) had discordance between the plasma and tissue results: five had mutations detected only in their tumor tissue (two Y537S, one Y537C, one D538G, and one Y537S/Y537N/D538G), and four had mutations detected only in their plasma (one Y537S, one Y537N, and two Y537S/Y537N/D538G). Furthermore, longitudinal plasma samples from 19 patients were used to assess changes in the presence of ESR1 mutations during treatment. Eleven patients had cfDNA ESR1 mutations over the course of treatment. A total of eight of 11 patients with MBC with cfDNA ESR1 mutations (72.7%) had the polyclonal mutations. CONCLUSION: We have shown the independent distribution of ESR1 mutations between plasma and tumor tissue in 35 patients with MBC.     

福建厦门地区棕榈科植物资源及其园林应用

调查了厦门地区棕榈科植物资源状况及其绿化应用,并结合多年来对厦门市园林植物园棕榈植物保育中心内棕榈科植物的物候期观察,选出适合厦门地区推广应用的棕榈科植物104种,同时对厦门地区棕榈科植物应用的种类、数量、分布以及应用频度等进行统计分析。     

疏勒河中游土地利用与景观格局动态

利用1976年Landsat MSS、1989年Landsat TM、2000年Landsat ETM+和2010年TM遥感影像,运用GIS和景观生态学方法,分析了1976-2010年疏勒河中游玉门市土地利用/覆被和景观格局的变化.结果表明:1976-2010年间,玉门市土地利用类型转移的主要方向是草地和戈壁转化为耕地、耕地转化为建设用地、草地转化为戈壁;土地利用变化经历了“缓慢变化-急剧变化-显著变化”的过程,景观密度持续增大,最大斑块指数先增大后减小,面积加权形状指数增大,形状趋于不规则;斑块间的最邻近距离减小,景观逐渐向具有多种要素的密集格局演变,更加破碎;不同斑块间的分离度减小;景观的多样性和均匀度先减小后增加.农业人口增长和经济发展是研究区土地利用/覆被变化的最直接驱动力,气候和政策因素也是重要的影响因素.